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The Concord grape is a cultivar derived from the grape species ''Vitis labrusca'' (also called fox grape) that are used as table grapes, wine grapes and juice grapes. They are often used to make grape jelly, grape juice, grape pies, grape-flavored soft drinks, and candy. The grape is sometimes used to make wine, particularly kosher wine, though it is not generally favored for that purpose due to the strong "foxy" (sometimes described as candied-strawberry/musky) flavor. Traditionally, most commercially produced Concord wines have been finished sweet, but dry versions are possible if adequate fruit ripeness is achieved. The skin of a Concord grape is typically dark blue or purple, and often is covered with a lighter-coloured "bloom" that can be rubbed off. It is a slip-skin variety, meaning that the skin is easily separated from the fruit. Concord grapes have large seeds and are highly aromatic. The Concord grape is particularly prone to the physiological disorder Black leaf.〔R. Irvine & W. Clore ''The Wine Project'' pg 31 Sketch Publications 1997 ISBN 0-9650834-9-7〕 In the United States 417,800 tons were produced in 2011.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://usda01.library.cornell.edu/usda/nass/NoncFruiNu//2010s/2012/NoncFruiNu-07-06-2012.txt )〕 The major growing areas are the Finger Lakes District of New York, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Southwestern Michigan, and the Yakima Valley in Washington.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nationalgrape.com/02b_ccd.shtml )〕 ==Usage== Concord grapes are often used to make grape jelly and are only occasionally available as table grapes,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyfacts.html#question10 )〕 especially in New England. They are the usual grapes used in the jelly for the traditional peanut butter and jelly sandwich, and Concord grape jelly is a staple product in U.S. supermarkets. Concord grapes are used for grape juice, and their distinctive purple color has led to grape-flavored soft drinks and candy being artificially colored purple while methyl anthranilate, a chemical present in Concord grapes, is used to give "grape" flavor. Recently, white grape juice with a milder flavor and less ability to stain fabric, primarily from Niagara grapes, has risen in popularity at the expense of Concord juice. The dark colored Concord juice is used in some churches as a non-alcoholic alternative to wine in the service of communion. Concord grapes have been used to make Kosher wine〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The 11th Plague? Why People Drink Sweet Wine on Passover )〕 and sacramental wine. The oldest sacramental winery in America, O-Neh-Da Vineyard, still produces a Concord wine for the altar.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.onehda.com/Home.php )〕 Non-toxic sprays that contain methyl anthranilate can be sprayed on the bushes as a cost-effective bird control management. The spray repellent renders the fruit and foliage unpalatable to the birds.〔()〕 Image:ConcordGrapes1.jpg|A cluster of Concord grapes Image:ConcordGrapes2.jpg|Ripe grapes (foreground) and unripe grapes (background). Unripe grapes can be made into verjuice. File:Concord grapes on Grape Island.jpg|Concord grapes growing on Grape Island, Massachusetts. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Concord (grape)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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